Emergence of Global Shape Processing Continues Through Adolescence     

K. Suzanne Scherf  Marlene Behrmann  Ruth Kimchi  and Beatriz Luna 《Child development》2009,80(1):162-177

The developmental trajectory of perceptual organization in humans is unclear. This study investigated perceptual grouping abilities across a wide age range (8–30 years) using a classic compound letter global/local (GL) task and a more fine-grained microgenetic prime paradigm (MPP) with both few- and many-element hierarchical displays. In the GL task, contrary to adults, both children and adolescents exhibited a classic local bias. In the MPP, all 3 age groups evinced a bias to individuate the few-element displays; however, the ability to encode the global shape of the many-element displays at the short prime durations increased with age. These results indicate that the full process of garnering shape information from perceptual grouping, which is essential for the ability to do fast and efficient object recognition and identification, develops late into adolescence.  相似文献   

The (in)visibility of gender knowledge in the Physical Activity and Sport Science degree in Spain     

Pedrona Serra  Maria Prat  María Teresa Vizcarra  Beatriz Garay  Anne Flintoff 《Sport, Education and Society》2018,23(4):324-338

This paper draws on research that aimed to explore the construction of gender relations in sport and physical education (PE) through a national study of Spanish university degree curricula. Spain is a useful case study through which to explore gender knowledge within sport and PE degrees, because, unlike many other countries, it has a common, national curriculum framework for its Physical Activity and Sport Science (PASS) degrees. In addition, it has recently passed a new law concerning the introduction of gender knowledge in higher education (HE). Drawing on Bernstein’s (1990) framework of the pedagogic device, this paper examines how this HE gender policy becomes recontextualised as universities and lecturers interpret and translate this into the pedagogical texts that make up the PASS curricula. Purposive sampling was used to select 16 of the 37 universities offering PASS degrees in 2012/2013. The research analysed 16 PASS documents at the degree level and 763 individual subject handbooks. Using discourse analysis, the results showed where and how gender knowledge was incorporated and the extent to which the topic was presented coherently throughout the documents. The analysis revealed five categories of the (in)visibility of gender knowledge within the universities’ instructional discourse. Gender knowledge is largely ignored in PASS curricular documentation, appearing, at best, in highly superficial ways. Despite a national policy requirement on universities to incorporate gender knowledge, this study shows how recontextualisation processes within specific universities’ pedagogic devices operate to marginalise such perspectives within PASS curricula. The research also revealed the significance of individual agents committed to gender equity being situated, and having influence, throughout the pedagogic device. The paper concludes that without a much wider, critical engagement in knowledge about gender equity, PASS degrees will continue to reproduce rather than disrupt the gender relations that have traditionally characterised the field.  相似文献   

Bulding ambidexterity through creativity mechanisms: Contextual drivers of innovation success     

Elena Revilla  Beatriz Rodríguez-Prado 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1611-1625

Do creativity methods consistently produce a significant net effect on innovation? Are the impacts of creativity methods related to operating context? Based on an ambidexterity perspective, we examine the effectiveness of different creativity methods on overcoming the tensions of the innovation process at individual and team levels. Drawing on European Union Community Innovation Survey (CIS2010) data collected from 23,537 firms, we estimate causal effects of creativity on innovation through a multivalued treatment effect methodology. Our results show that implementing ambidexterity in creativity methods increases the firm´s propensity to innovate and to introduce a market novelty. However, the effect on firm turnover is not always clear. Also, we detect that ambidexterity is more effective in firms that are large in size, have high levels of R&D investment and operate in manufacturing sectors. We discuss the implications of these findings for practice and for future research.  相似文献   

XML markup and information retrieval in magazine articles: Exploratory results and implementation issues     

Alma Beatriz Rivera-Aguilera   《International Information and Library Review》2005,37(4):337

This paper relates to the difficulty in retrieving precise information from big repositories of magazine articles in full text, and proposes an Extended Markup Language (XML) vocabulary for improving retrieval rates. The hypothesis tested was as follows: Magazine articles marked up with an XML vocabulary, indexed only by selected parts, give more precise search results than the same search using full text index.The study was exploratory with the following characteristics: 29 magazine articles were tested for results, 8 scholars were interviewed for defining 23 search strategies and evaluating results. The data showed that precision improved from 40.72% with full text search to 62.84% using XML markup and searching only in specific labels.Revision of the vocabulary and more testing has to be done by the library and information science community in order to obtain a valid vocabulary and provide more research results. Cultural characteristics and politics of librarians and information managers’ community are as important as technical issues in order to consider any technical proposal to be implemented successfully to achieve interoperability.  相似文献   

Advisory services and farm-level sustainability profiles: an exploration in nine European countries     

Beatriz Herrera  Maria Gerster-Bentaya  Irene Tzouramani  Andrea Knierim 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2019,25(2):117-137

Purpose: This study explores the use of advisory services by farm managers and its linkages with the economic, environmental and social performance of farms.

Design/methodology/approach: Using cluster analysis we determined groups of farms according to their sustainability performance and explored the correlations between contacts with advisory services and a set of farm-level sustainability indicators.

Findings: There exist significant differences in the number of farmers’ contacts with advisory services across countries, type of farms, farmers’ degree of agricultural education, utilized agricultural area, legal type of farm ownership and economic size of the farms. We identified three groups of farms that have different sustainability performance, are different in farm characteristics and relate differently to advisory services. The number of contacts with advisory services is positively related to the adoption of innovations, the number of information sources utilized and the adoption of farm risk management measures. We find no clear linear relationship between advisory services and environmental sustainability.

Theoretical implications: This study derives hypotheses to analyze causalities between indicators of farm-level sustainability and advisory services.

Practical implications: Results suggest the importance of taking into account the heterogeneity of farming systems for the design, targeting and evaluation of advisory services. In addition, results confirm the importance of selection of indicators that can be used in multiple sites.

Originality/value: We used a harmonized indicator of advisory services and a harmonized set of farm-level sustainability indicators in nine different EU countries that could be used to evaluate the role of advisory services in the achievement of multiple objectives in different groups of farms in multiple sites.  相似文献   

The modern mathematics reform movement in Brazil and its consequences for Brazilian mathematics education     

Beatriz Silva D'ambrosio 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1991,22(1):69-85

This paper reports on the conclusions drawn from an investigation of the modern mathematics reform movement in Brazil. The focus of the study was an analysis of the mechanisms of transfer of knowledge from developed to developing countries, through a case study of Brazil and its adoption of the modern mathematics curriculum.The report presented here focuses on the dynamics of the reform movement and on the consequences of the movement for Brazilian mathematics education. The movement is studied as to how ideas about modern mathematics reform were disseminated to the Brazilian mathematics education community and the consequences due to misinterpretations of the intended curriculum in the implementation process. The intent of the study is that future initiatives in curriculum change proceed more efficiently in light of previous experiences, without repeating the mistakes committed in the past.  相似文献   

Public education and student movements: the Chilean rebellion under a neoliberal experiment     

Jorge Inzunza  Jenny Assael  Rodrigo Cornejo  Jesus Redondo 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2019,40(4):490-506

Abstract

Chile is recognized in the educational policy field as one of the first laboratories of neoliberal initiatives. These policies, initiated under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, did not change with the new democratic governments after 1990. This characteristic led international organizations to promote the Chilean policies in different contexts in Latin America and beyond. In 2006, a high school student movement occupied public and private schools, demystifying the outcomes of these policies. A new wave of demonstrations took place in 2011, with a college student leadership that paralyzed a significant amount of universities and schools throughout the country. After both waves of mobilizations, the political system opened the process of policy-making that considered the demands of social movements. In this article, we explore the dynamics between educational policies and social student movements in Chile, and the possibilities of change in favor of public education.  相似文献   

Collaborative online distance learning: Issues for future practice and research     

Robert M. Bernard  Beatriz Rojo de Rubalcava   《Distance Education》2000,21(2):260-277

This article provides an overview of issues of practice and research relating to the use of collaborative online learning in distance education (DE). It begins with an examination of the traditional problems of DE. Following that is a discussion of what collaborative online learning encompasses and a review of the primary instructional design issues that relate to it. These are: (a) course preparation; (b) creating a good social climate and sense of community; (c) the role of the instructor; (d) encouraging true collaboration; and (e) the effective use of technology. As well some of the literature relating to problem‐based learning is referenced and its application to collaborative online learning is discussed. The authors conclude that using new technologies in combination with a collaborative online learning approach in DE may prove to be highly effective when learner characteristics and the learning context are considered carefully. Recommendations for future areas of research are also provided, along with a matrix of variables that may be combined to conceptualise further study in the area.  相似文献   

A literature review of school leadership policy reforms     

Beatriz Pont 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(2):154-168

This literature review aims to understand the factors that influence the adoption of school leadership policy reforms and whether there are some common trends that lead to policy changes in this area. The main question driving the study was the following: what are important reasons or contextual factors that have influenced the adoption of school leadership policy reforms? The analysis shows that there is an eclectic set of research that covers school leadership from different perspectives. Each tackle the question of school leadership reform adoption from different angles. A policy perspective associates school leadership reforms to contextual changes in relation to decentralisation, school autonomy, accountability or an increasing emphasis on education outcomes. School improvement perspectives acknowledge the key role of school leadership in education change. The research on school leadership impact has contributed to the adoption of school leadership reforms. The school leadership policy perspective shows that countries have introduced school leadership reforms, with practices varying by country and context. Some have been interpreted as a response to a new public management agenda or to the globalisation of education policies. Findings from this review indicate that whilst there is much research on school leadership, nevertheless, analysis and promotion of policies to support and strengthen school leader roles to support school improvement appears to have received less attention.  相似文献   

School leadership in unpredictable times     

Edith Hooge  Beatriz Pont 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(2):135-138

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